Meeting Summary

Summary Record of the APEC-ASEAN Joint Workshop on Energy Statistics
30 November – 4 December 2009
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia


INTRODUCTION

1. The APEC - ASEAN Joint Workshop on Energy Statistics was held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia on 30 November – 4 December 2009.

2. Participants from ASEAN members countries and APEC economies namely Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; China; Hong Kong, China; Indonesia; Korea; Lao PDR; Malaysia; Mexico; Myanmar; New Zealand; Papua New Guinea; Peru; the Philippines; Russia; Singapore; Thailand; Vietnam and the United States attended the joint workshop. Experts from the Institute of Energy Economic Japan (IEEJ), International Energy Agency (IEA) and International Energy Forum Secretariat (IEFS) were the speakers during the workshop. Staff and expert from the ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE) also participated in the workshop. The list of participants is attached as ANNEX A while workshop agenda is attached as ANNEX B.

WELCOME ADDRESSES

3. Mr. Badaruddin bin Mahyudin, Senior Undersecretary on Energy of Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water (KeTTHA) welcomed all the delegates to the Meeting and delivered his opening statement. In his speech, he expressed his sincere appreciation to ASEAN and APEC for honouring Malaysia by convening this workshop in the country. He appreciated to see close collaboration between ASEAN and APEC in such joint initiatives which not only save expenditures but also could build good synergies. He emphasized the importance of relevant and accurate information in formulating appropriate energy policies, therefore, data and information should be collected and disseminated to assist governments and other stakeholders to make their policies. He also wished the participants to have a fruitful discussion and benefit from the workshop and a pleasant stay in Kuala Lumpur.

4. Mr. Shigeru Kimura, Senior Research Fellow of IEEJ expressed his appreciation to the KeTTHA and the Malaysian Energy Center (PTM) for hosting the event. He extended his gratitude to the participants for attending the workshop as well as the experts from IEFS, IEA and ACE for their contribution to increase the capacity of energy statisticians in APEC/ASEAN region. He gave a snapshot of the organisation of the workshop such as JODI, monthly gas data, quarterly data, annual data, energy consumption data and understanding on the basic concept of economic data. He also explained the necessity of reliable energy statistics especially energy consumption data for enhancing energy security and tackle climate change issues.

5. Mr. Akhmad Nidlom of ACE on behalf of its Executive Director welcomed all the participants in the APEC - ASEAN Joint Workshop on Energy Statistics, in his opening address which appears, he expressed his sincere gratitude to KeTTHA of Malaysia for their kind assistance to be the host country and also to the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) of Japan through IEEJ for supporting this project. He highlighted the importance of accurate statistics on energy supply and demand moreover in the condition of oil price volatility and effort in enhancing energy security. He expected this activity could strengthen the cooperation in the forthcoming activities between ASEAN and APEC on enhancing energy security and sharing data. Finally, he wished all the participants to have a fruitful outcome and discussion.

The main items of the Agenda are as follows:

Session 1: JODI
Session 2: Monthly Gas Data (JODI gas)
Session 3: Annual Energy Data
Session 4: Quarterly Energy Data
Session 5: Energy Balance Table
Session 6: Energy Indicators
Session 7: Economic Data
CONCLUSION & WAY FORWARD
CLOSING SESSION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Session 1: JODI

6. Mr. Yuichiro Torikata from International Energy Forum (IEFS) presented the Current Development in JODI explaining the background of JODI development, the JODI World Database, 7th JODI Conference and JODI Training and Internship. He emphasized the three smiley faces of JODI which indicates the evaluation of each participating country’s/economy’s performance in terms of timeliness, sustainability/submission and completeness. To be able to familiarize with the JODI data, Mr. Torikata, encouraged participant to visit the IEFS website addressed at www.jodidata.org. On the question whether the JODI questionnaire also covers biofuels it was mentioned that the biofuel should be included in the other hydrocarbons when a country/economy reports JODI data.

7. Mrs. Mieke Reece of the IEA gave a comprehensive presentation on the correspondence between oil flow and the extended JODI format, explaining oil flows from the upstream to the downstream, refinery process and maxi JODI. She explained that the maxi JODI or also known as JODI expanded questionnaire was expanded because some important petroleum product is not covered such Naphtha, Jet Kerosene, etc. in the old questionnaire and to complete a fuel balance. She explained on how to input biofuels which was asked during the previous presentation. She also clarified how to report products derived from other sources such as LPG from natural gas processing. In the ensuing discussion, Ms. Reece explained how to report production of NGL and the derived products that were not produced in the oil refineries.

8. Mr. Edito Barcelona of IEEJ gave a presentation on JODI data problems in APEC and ASEAN by country/economy. He reported the evaluation of each economy’s performance in terms of submission, timeliness and completeness as well as the comparability of the monthly JODI data with the annual data. In the ensuing discussion, the Cambodia and Lao PDR representatives were asked regarding their intention to submit JODI data. The Cambodia and Lao PDR representative answered that they plan to submit starting from early 2010. The participants were asked to address the problems identified in the presentation to improve the JODI data quality.

9. To further make the extended JODI questionnaire clear to everybody, Mr. Barcelona gave a hands-on exercise in filling-out the extended JODI questionnaire. He elaborated on the procedure of filling the JODI questionnaire and provided the participants with the Excel files of the questionnaire and the raw data. Mr. Barcelona also showed how he processes the raw data and entered them into the extended JODI questionnaire.

Session 2: Monthly Gas Data (JODI gas)

10. Mr. Yuichiro Torikata from International Energy Forum (IEFS) presented the proposed monthly gas data (JODIgas) collection. He explained the current development in the JODIgas, the expectations from energy ministers, the feasibility study conducted by IEFS and action plan for the implementation..

During the discussion, the confidentiality issue was raised. Further discussion in the ministerial level should continue to address this issue as it is the ministers themselves who requested for monthly gas collection. It was also noted the JODIgas is aiming to collect data in an M-1 basis but currently, data is collected at M-2. IEFS hopes that like JODI data submission would later become M-1 from the current M-2.

11. Mr. Shigeru Kimura, Senior Research Fellow of IEEJ made a presentation on the gas data problems by country/economy identified by IEEJ. He reported on the submission status of monthly gas data by each economy/country that submit regularly as well as on the completeness of the data for both the APEC OECD and APEC Non-OECD economies. He reported on the completeness of data for some economy/countries and proposed a solution to enhance the data quality. He identified that 6 APEC economies and 1 ASEAN country are still not on board of the monthly gas data submission and seek clarification on these countries/economies plans to participate in the initiative.

Regarding the JODIgas data submission, economies/countries who are currently not submitting data promised to consult the concerned institutions in their respective counties on the possibility of participating in this new data initiative.

Regarding the timeliness and completeness of the submission, the economies/countries that are currently participating will look at the possibility of enhancing their participation when they return to their respective offices.

12. Mr. Kimura of IEEJ presented the proposed JODIgas format and collection of annual capacity data. He elaborated the shifting from monthly gas data collection to JODIgas. Mr. Kimura mentioned the additional data requested in the new questionnaire. He proposed a trial activity for 6 months using the proposed questionnaire that will be implemented collecting M-1 and M-2 data every month starting from December 2009. As regards the annual capacity data, Mr. Kimura presented the draft format prepared by IEFS. He asked the participants on possible mechanism on collecting capacity data. For the ASEAN, it was suggested that ASCOPE could supply the data because they have an activity on collection of capacity data as a part of Trans ASEAN Gas Pipelines Master Plan Study. As an option, Mr. Kimura suggested to collect the capacity data from Gas Company and related bodies which may collect the capacity data especially for non ASEAN countries. Mr. Kimura intends to convey the capacity data collection in the EGEDA meeting to be held on February 2010 in New Zealand to get the group’s support on the said activity.
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Session 3: Annual Energy Data)

13. The objective of this session was to explain the APEC-ASEAN Joint Questionnaire for annual energy supply/demand data. Mr. Torikata of IEFS, Ms. Cecilya Malik and Mr. Barcelona of IEEJ explained the 5 energy questionnaires. The three speakers elaborated on the definition of each product and flow, the columns and rows of the questionnaires.

14. Mr. Takuya Miyagawa of IEEJ presented the identified problems in the annual energy data by country/economy. He elaborated the typical issues in energy database based on 1) Data categorisation, which economy/country put some form of indigenous product in different classification 2) data quality, which are due to inconsistencies in the historical data; and 3) newly reported products, which mostly appear starting from 2004 due to the changing of the data reporting format. The concerned economies promised to look at the identified data problems and make the necessary revisions.

Mr. Miyagawa also showed the enhanced APEC-ASEAN Joint Energy Questionnaire during his presentation. The enhanced questionnaire is still the same questionnaire but it includes historical energy data so that member countries/economies can check their data in the APEC Energy Database and also check the historical consistency of 2008 data. He demonstrated how to use the enhanced questionnaire.

15. Mr. Kimura of IEEJ requested the submission of 2008 data using enhanced data collection format/questionnaire. APEC economies are requested to send the filled 2008 annual questionnaire on early 2010 to IEEJ and for non-APEC of ASEAN Members Countries namely Cambodia, Lao PDR and Myanmar requested to send the annual data to ACE.

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Session 4: Quarterly Energy Data

16. Mr. Miyagawa of IEEJ presented the status of submission and accuracy of APEC quarterly energy data He informed the status of data submission by countries/economies as of 2009 and also compared the annual data and quarterly data for 2006 and 2007. His findings are as follows:

§ Only 12 of the 21 economies submitted the 2008 quarterly data and only 8 have submitted the 2nd quarter data in 2009. In 2006, 15 economies were able to submit the quarterly data.
§ Data completeness is not very good. It is still difficult to estimate the total primary energy supply in the APEC region using the quarterly data.

Session 5: Energy Balance Table

17. Mrs. Reece of IEA delivered a presentation on understanding the energy balance table She elaborated on the importance of building energy balance and the methodology to produce it. She also gave a description of the difference between the APEC and IEA energy balances and the information that can be derived from it such us identifying the dependence of countries in imports, export of a certain energy form, the energy power generation efficiency, analysis of energy flow in industry, transport and other sector, and calculation of CO2 emission. She highlighted the need to harmonize the definitions and questionnaires of all data collecting bodies to enhance understanding of energy statistics. The ensuing discussion were on the reason why international civil aviation should not be included in the countries final energy consumption as well as how to determine whether the fuel is for international or domestic civil aviation. On the first issue, it was mentioned that although the fuel for international civil aviation is purchased in the country of departure, the fuel is not used domestically. On the second issue, it was suggested that the airline companies should be asked to report their international and domestic fuel use.

18. Mr. Barcelona of IEEJ, in preparation for the hands-on exercise on building the energy balance table, briefed participants about the exercise and provided the energy balance template as well as the data in the five APEC-ASEAN Joint questionnaires. He also provided the participants an answer sheet to which some energy balance figures were requested to be reported. He also demonstrated how to enter the data from the APEC-ASEAN Joint Questionnaire to the energy balance template. He asked the participants to submit their answers on the following day.

Session 6: Energy Indicators

19. This session is initiated with the sharing of experiences on the collection of detailed energy consumption data from Japan; New Zealand; Mexico; Hong Kong, China; and the United States with summaries as follows:

§ Mr. Miyagawa of IEEJ, as a representative from Japan, delivered a presentation on Japan’s energy data collection system focusing on detailed energy consumption data. He explained the objective of energy statistics in Japan, statistical system, statistics law and statistical reports coordination law, flowchart for implementation of national statistics survey, energy balance table and the introduction of main energy statistics.

§ Ms. Hien Dieu Thi Dang of New Zealand, delivered a presentation on the country’s experience in collection of detailed energy consumption data. She explained the energy scene of New Zealand, the purpose of collecting energy consumption data, data collection, processing, validation and improvements to quality of data and system enhancements.

§ Ms. Carla Bourges of Mexico spoke about her country’s experience in collection of detailed energy consumption data. She explained the organisation, mechanism, scope and classification of the data collection. She informed that Mexico recently has conducted a national survey on the data consumption but some data are not provided and therefore they must approach the industry sector to convince them the importance of consumption data especially in mitigation of carbon emission. For transportation sector, they are facing difficulties to collect data on fuel consumption by car, boat, etc and therefore they made assumptions from related data such as from fuel stock data. On the residential sector, they mostly can collect data but for consumption of fuel wood they made assumption based on modelling. For the commercial sector, they have made achievement by releasing the ministerial letter on the data collection. In the area of agriculture, they are trying to improve the missing data collection, timeliness and legal framework to get reliable information. They have made some studies on the energy efficiency indicator, energy security indicator, mitigation of carbon emission, etc.

§ Mr. Chung-yee Shum of Hong Kong, China delivered a presentation on their economy’s experience on collection of detailed energy consumption. He informed the objective of energy end-use data collection and the scope of their database. He elaborated on the approaches they used such as the Top-down Approach, by collecting energy supply data from various major utilities, and the Bottom-up Approach, by estimating the number of units in each segment, the penetration of various energy end-uses and technologies and the annual energy consumption per unit of each technology (the Energy Use Intensity). Hong Kong has an energy end-use database that covers Residential, Commercial, Industrial and Transport data which are collected annually. In the ensuing discussion, Mr. Shum shared information that the government fully supports their data collection activities especially in communicating with the private sector on the need for energy demand data. Mr. Shum also shared how they estimate uncollected data and how surveys are carried out.

§ Ms. Gwendolyn Elizabeth Jacobs of the United States delivered a presentation on their experience on collection of detailed energy consumption data. She explained the three energy consumption surveys that have been conducted by the Energy Information Administration (EIA) namely:

a. Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS) that collected data from occupied primary housing units since 1978 periodically with limited sample size. The RECS confidentiality is protected by Privacy Act of 1974 and CIPSEA from 2001 with penalty up to five years in prison and a $250,000 fine for violators;
b. Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS) which is conducted in two major phases. First is a voluntary personal interview with commercial building managers, and second is a mandatory mail survey to energy suppliers (electricity, natural gas, district heat, and fuel oil); and
c. Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey (MECS) that is done primarily by mailed questionnaire and starting from 2006, MECS was collected by internet and mail.

Mr. Kimura summarized the sharing of experience by recommending to participants to learn from the experiences that have been shared and use them in their respective countries to enhance the reliability of energy data.

20. Mr. Kimura from IEEJ delivered a presentation on the data required in the preparation of Energy Efficiency Indicators (EEI). He explained the definition of energy efficiency indicators, overview of EEI, and EEI in industry, transport, residential and commercial sectors, monitoring of Energy Efficiency & Conservation implementation and issues in measuring the EEI.

21. Ms. Reece from IEA delivered a presentation on the understanding of the IEA new template on energy efficiency indicators. She explained the energy efficiency trend of each sector and energy savings. As an example, she gave an overview of IEA’s energy efficiency indicators template for Canada. In the ensuing discussion, the participants from some economies mentioned that they had some energy efficiency indicators in their economies but not as complete as that of Canada. They asked for assistant in applying the practices in Canada in their economies. It was also mentioned during the discussion that the guidelines or manual for the energy efficiency indicators has been produced and is available at the IEA website.

22. After the discussions, Mr. Barcelona of IEEJ showed the solutions of the hand-on exercises on the extended JODI questionnaire and building the energy balance table. It was noted that the energy balance table exercise was a very tedious activity and it was agreed that a software or computer program that would produce the energy balance table from the questionnaire should be made available to minimize human error and time in preparing the energy balance table. The participants however noted that the exercise is a good activity because the participants learned how to make an energy balance table and understand it better.

Session 7: Economic Data

23. Prof. Hiromi Kato from Tokyo Keizai University delivered a presentation on the understanding of the system of national income accounts. He explained the importance of aggregate economic indicator such as assessing the macro-economic conditions which has strong relationship with number of workers, inflation, export, import, energy demand, etc. An example of aggregate economic indicator is GDP that is defined as estimated aggregated value of the country during a certain period such Annually, Semi-annually or Quarterly.

24. Prof. Kato continued his presentation by explaining the definition and use of GDP. He informed that if GDP grow year by year, the growth rate of GDP was contributed by two factors, first is increase in real products of goods and services, and second is rise in the price of goods and services. To separate the price changes from GDP developments, the concept of real GDP is introduced by estimating the constant price level in the past base year instead of current market price. GDP deflator from these two statistics is typical indicator of domestic price level and only reflected price changes. People prefer higher income and expenditure level, so per head GDP is assumed as indicator of economic welfare for average people. However, GDP does not include health situation, education level, ethics, etc.

25. Prof. Kato continued his presentation by explaining the international comparison of GDP definition and use of GDP. He elaborated the techniques to convert GDP to different currency denomination by applying nominal and real exchange rate on the GDP calculation.

26. Prof. Kato delivered another presentation on the basic concept of Input-Output (I-O) table. He explained that I-O table can describe economic structure or demand figures in a country. As the I-O table also includes the energy sector, it is possible to calculate the energy consumption of each sector/sub-sector using the coefficients of the I-O table.

CONCLUSION & WAY FORWARD

27. Mr. Kimura of EIIJ summarized the 5-days workshop by highlighting some issues as follows:

§ On Session 1: JODI, IEEJ pointed out current problems on the JODI data of APEC and ASEAN economies. Cambodia and Lao PDR which are currently not participating in JODI may participate starting early 2010 in consultation with high level officials in these countries. The APEC-ASEAN member economies promised to look into the data problems. IEEJ also promised to participating economies/countries the JODI data assessment made by a consultant.

28. On Session 2: JODIgas, IEEJ pointed out current problems on the monthly gas data of APEC economies and countries. The agreement among member economies/countries are as follows:
§ Possibility of submission of the monthly gas data
o Malaysia: Confidential but IEEJ requested PTM to seek the possibility.
o Myanmar, PNG, Peru and Vietnam may be able to submit
o IEEJ will send the questionnaire and a request letter to PNG and Vietnam.
o The Philippines and Singapore will discuss with high level officials to seek the possibility
§ Brunei, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Russia and Thailand will review their data problems which IEEJ pointed out.
§ IEEJ promised to discuss about possibility of these data collections at next EGEDA meeting to be held early February in New Zealand. If the meeting will agree to implement the collections, IEEJ will start collecting data from March or April 2010.

29. On Session 3: Annual Energy Supply and Demand Data, IEEJ pointed out problems on the annual data of APEC economies. APEC economies will review the data problems which IEEJ pointed out and will submit sub-sectors demand data of 1990 - 2003 if possible. IEEJ suggested to the participants to use the new input system for 2008 annual data, which includes historical data of each product from 1990 to 2007. IEEJ requested APEC/ASEAN economies and countries to submit their 2008 annual data using the input system to IEEJ or ACE ASAP.

30. On Session 4: Quarterly Supply Data, IEEJ pointed out problems on the quarterly energy supply data. IEEJ explained importance of the quarterly data having valuable preliminary information for the annual energy data. IEEJ appreciated the APEC economies further efforts on submitting complete quarterly data collection on a timely manner.

31. On Session 5: Energy Balance Tables, IEA provided the brief presentation of key points to understand energy balance tables. The participants appreciated the informative and comprehensive presentation. IEEJ promised to discuss about the issue on international aviation bunkers at the next EGEDA meeting and treat the data similar to international marine bunkers if the meeting would agree. IEEJ conducted hands on exercise how to make an energy balance table using sample data. IEEJ hopes the participants understand the concept of energy balance table through the exercise.

32. On Session 6: Energy Indicators; Japan; Mexico; New Zealand; USA and Hong Kong, China shared their experience on collection of detailed energy consumption data in industry, transport and residential & commercial sectors. Hong Kong presented its End-use Data 2009 and circulated the publication. IEEJ encouraged the participants of developing economies and countries to produce the publication like a Hong Kong End-use Data in near future. IEEJ explained necessary data in measuring energy efficiency and encouraged the participants to improve their capacity in collecting or estimating detailed energy consumption data such as end-use data through surveys. IEA presented its new template for energy efficiency indicators. IEEJ hopes the participants understand concept of the template and use it as soon as possible.

33. Session 7: Economic Data, Prof. Kato explained the basic concept of national income as well as GDP. He also explained the basic concept of price index, exchange rate and PPP. He also made a presentation on the basic concept of input-output table. The participants showed their appreciation to his informative and comprehensive presentation. The participants showed their interests on mechanism of exchange rate and PPP.

34. The meeting requested IEEJ to send the correct solution of hand-out exercise to participants. IEEJ also promised to provide the participants with the updated presentation materials.

CLOSING SESSION

35. Mr. Shigeru Kimura of IEEJ in closing remark thanked again the participants in attending this work meeting. He also thanked the invited experts, KeTTHA, METI of Japan; New Zealand; Mexico; Hong Kong, China; and the United States. Finally, he wished them all a safe journey back home and looked forward to meeting them all again in the next ESSPA Meeting.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

36. The delegates from Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; China; Hong Kong, China; Indonesia; Korea; Lao PDR; Malaysia; Mexico; Myanmar; New Zealand; Papua New Guinea; Peru; the Philippines; Russia; Singapore; Thailand; Vietnam; the United States and representatives from IEEJ, IEA and IEFS thanked the Government of Malaysia through the Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water (KeTTHA) and Malaysia Energy Center (PTM) for warm hospitality and excellent hosting arrangements made for the Meeting. The meeting thanked the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry through IEEJ for the technical and funding support provided to the ESSPA Project. The Meeting also thanked the ASEAN Centre for Energy for providing excellent organizational support to the Meeting.